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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク School segregation in the United States ： ウィキペディア英語版 School segregation in the United States School segregation in the United States began in its ''de jure'' form with the passage of Jim Crow laws in the American South. It is influenced by patterns of residential segregation, school choice programs, and Supreme Court rulings regarding previous school desegregation efforts. == Historical segregation == The formal segregation of blacks and whites in the United States began with the passage of Jim Crow laws following the end of the Reconstruction Era in 1877.〔("Racial Segregation in the American South: Jim Crow Laws." ) ''Prejudice in the Modern World Reference Library''. Ed. Kelly Rudd, Richard Hanes, and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 2. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 333-357. ''Global Issues In Context''. Web. 19 Oct. 2013.〕 These laws, which were most prevalent in the South but also extended into the Southwest and Midwest, segregated blacks and whites in all aspects of public life, including attendance of public schools.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nps.gov/malu/forteachers/jim_crow_laws.htm )〕 Jim Crow laws did not exclusively apply to the segregation of whites and blacks; in Texas, for instance, Mexican-Americans, along with blacks, were prohibited from sharing schools, restaurants, churches, and other public spaces with whites. The constitutionality of Jim Crow laws was upheld in the Supreme Court’s decision in ''Plessy v. Ferguson'', which ruled that separate facilities for blacks and whites were permissible provided that the facilities were of equal quality.〔 This decision was subsequently overturned in 1954, when the Supreme Court ruling in ''Brown v. Board of Education'' ended ''de jure'' segregation in the United States.〔Orfield, Gary. ("Schools More Separate: Consequences of a Decade of Resegregation." ) ''Harvard Civil Rights Project''. (2001). (accessed September 24, 2013)〕 In the decade following ''Brown'', the South resisted enforcement of the Court’s decision.〔 States and school districts did little to reduce segregation, and schools remained almost completely segregated until 1968. Desegregation efforts reached their peak in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a period in which the South transitioned from complete segregation to being the nation's most integrated region.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「School segregation in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.